Caffeine can improve mental focus, alertness, and mood because it is a stimulant. However, there are possible adverse effects from cumulative daily doses of caffeine. These effects can include gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance, insomnia, nervousness, tachycardia (increased heart rate), tremors, and anxiety. The additional caloric load in energy drinks may affect blood glucose and insulin levels and promote weight gain. Energy drinks have also been associated with tooth decay, demonstrating a faster rate of enamel loss than sports drinks.
Other concerns are:
Dehydration during physical activity, which can lead to fainting, dizziness, heat
stroke, and injury.
High consumption is associated with high risk behaviors. An increase in emergency department visits has been associated with energy drinks, often with other illicit drugs.
Large amounts of caffeine frequently result in energy crashes.
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